A child demonstrating learning or behavioural problems, little interest in school work or difficulties in reading, writing, grasping Maths concepts or under-achieving in school, may be experiencing weaknesses in his or her visual, auditory, sensory-motor, attention or social-emotional brain fitness. When these weaknesses become significant, the child may fall within the diagnostic criteria of having a learning difficulty or disability.
It is important to remember that many children who suffer from learning difficulties may have average or even above average intelligence! These children may sometimes be misunderstood as being “lazy” or “dumb” but this cannot be further from the truth! We now understand that learning difficulties or disabilities are a manifestation of abnormalities in the brain, resulting in problems with information processing. Some children may experience more than one type of learning difficulty. This is possible because more than one system in the brain may be affected.
Some common learning difficulties are
- Dyslexia – Difficulties with reading and comprehension
- Developmental coordination disorder/ Dyspraxia – Difficulties with motor planning or coordination
- Dysgraphia – Difficulties with handwriting
- Dyscalculia – Difficulties with learning Math
- Attention deficit (hyperactive) disorder (ADD/ADHD) – Difficulties with paying attention with or without hyperactivity and impulsivity
- Receptive and expressive language disorders
- Specific language impairment (SLI) – Difficulties in language mastery or communication
- Auditory processing disorder (APD) – Difficulties processing auditory information, or verbal information
- Non-Verbal Learning Disorder (NVLD) – Difficulties with visuo-spatial concepts and motor coordination
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) – Difficulties with communication and social interactions.
- Asperger’s Syndrome – High functioning autism.